PSG has now claimed the prestigious cup on fourteen different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side struck two times in the closing moments to take a surprise lead. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing shootout victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past 13 seasons.